2.1
General anaesthesia is usually used. A cryoprobe is inserted through a bronchoscope to reach the tumour; the probe diameter selected depends on the size and position of the tumour. After a period of freezing, the tumour is allowed to thaw until the probe separates from the tissue. The freeze and thaw cycle may be repeated two to three times in the same place. The probe is then moved to an adjacent area and the process is repeated until the whole tumour has been treated. Any resulting necrotic tumour material is then removed with forceps or using the cryoprobe. Further necrotic material may be expectorated during the following 24 to 48 hours. The procedure can be repeated if necessary.