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["Baseline assessment: Post-traumatic "]
["stress disorder"]
["NG116"]
[]
[]
["Published: 5 December 2018"]

{"sheet":"Introduction","index":1,"n_rows":23,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":23,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Baseline assessment tool for post-traumatic stress disorder (NICE guideline NG116)"]
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["This baseline assessment tool can be used to evaluate whether practice is in line with the recommendations in Post-traumatic stress disorder.  It can also help to plan activity to meet the recommendations."]
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["The tool can be used by individual services or organisations. Alternatively, an assessment completed with the involvement of all relevant services or organisations would help to develop a picture of activity in the local area."]
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["It should be used in conjunction with Post-traumatic stress disorder (NICE guideline NG116)."]
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["In the first instance, consider whether the guideline is relevant and record the conclusion in the box below."]
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["Is the guideline relevant?"]
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["The data sheet contains the recommendations from the guideline. Information can be entered about current activity relevant to the recommendation, actions needed to meet the recommendation, deadlines and the names of the responsible leads.  Useful documents can be added as hyperlinks."]
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["The table can be adapted to include any other local information that is thought to be useful."]
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["If it would be helpful to group the recommendations, for example those that are key priorities for implementation or by deadline, use the filter function in the data menu. "]
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["Tools and resources to help put the guidance into practice are available on the NICE website. "]
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["National Institute for Health and Care Excellence\nLevel 1A, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BT; www.nice.org.uk\n\nCopyright\n© NICE 2022. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.\n"]

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["Baseline assessment tool for post-traumatic stress disorder (NICE guideline NG116)"]
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["NICE recommendation","Guideline reference","Year of recommendation","Is the recommendation relevant?","Current activity/evidence","Recommendation met?","Actions needed to implement recommendation","Is there a risk associated with not implementing this recommendation?","Is there a cost or saving?","Deadline","Lead"]
["1.1  Recognition of post-traumatic stress disorder"]
["Be aware that people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including complex PTSD, may present with a range of symptoms associated with functional impairment, including: \n• re-experiencing\n• avoidance\n• hyperarousal (including hypervigilance, anger and irritability)\n• negative alterations in mood and thinking\n• emotional numbing\n• dissociation\n• emotional dysregulation\n• interpersonal difficulties or problems in relationships\n• negative self-perception (including feeling diminished, defeated or worthless). ","1.1.1","2005, amended 2018"]
["Be aware of traumatic events associated with the development of PTSD. These could be experiencing or witnessing single, repeated or multiple events and could include, for example:\n• serious accidents\n• physical and sexual assault \n• abuse, including childhood or domestic abuse\n• work-related exposure to trauma, including remote exposure \n• trauma related to serious health problems or childbirth experiences (for example, intensive care admission or neonatal death)\n• war and conflict\n• torture. ","1.1.2","2005, amended 2018"]
["When assessing for PTSD, ask people specific questions about re‑experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, dissociation, negative alterations in mood and thinking, and associated functional impairment. ","1.1.3","2005, amended 2018"]
["When assessing for PTSD, ask people with symptoms in recommendation 1.1.1 if they have experienced 1 or more traumatic events (which may have occurred many months or years before). Give specific examples of traumatic events as listed in recommendation 1.1.2.","1.1.4","2005, amended 2018"]
["For people with unexplained physical symptoms who repeatedly attend health services, think about asking whether they have experienced 1 or more traumatic events and provide specific examples of traumatic events (see recommendation 1.1.2). ","1.1.5","2005, amended 2018"]
["Specific recognition issues for children"]
["Do not rely solely on the parent or carer for information when it is developmentally appropriate to directly and separately question a child or young person about the presence of PTSD symptoms.","1.1.6","2005, amended 2018"]
["When a child who has been involved in a traumatic event is treated in an emergency department, emergency staff should explain to their parents or carers about the normal responses to trauma and the possibility of PTSD developing. Briefly describe the possible symptoms (for example, nightmares, repetitive trauma-related play, intrusive thoughts, avoiding things related to the event, increased behavioural difficulties, problems concentrating, hypervigilance, and difficulties sleeping), and suggest they contact their GP if the symptoms persist beyond 1 month. ","1.1.7","2005, amended 2018"]
["Screening of people involved in a major disaster, refugees and asylum seekers"]
["For people at high risk of developing PTSD following a major disaster, those responsible for coordinating the disaster plan should think about the routine use of a validated, brief screening instrument for PTSD at 1 month after the disaster. ","1.1.8","2005, amended 2018"]
["For refugees and asylum seekers at high risk of PTSD, think about the routine use of a validated, brief screening instrument for PTSD as part of any comprehensive physical and mental health screen.","1.1.9","2005, amended 2018"]
["1.2   Assessment and coordination of care"]
["For people with clinically important symptoms of PTSD presenting in primary care, GPs should take responsibility for assessment and initial coordination of care. This includes determining the need for emergency physical or mental health assessment. ","1.2.1","2005, amended 2018"]
["Assessment of people with PTSD should be comprehensive, including an assessment of physical, psychological and social needs and a risk assessment.","1.2.2","2005, amended 2018"]
["Where management is shared between primary and secondary care, healthcare professionals should agree who is responsible for monitoring people with PTSD. Put this agreement in writing (where appropriate, using the Care Programme Approach) and involve the person and, where appropriate, their family or carers. ","1.2.3","2005, amended 2018"]
["Supporting transitions between services"]
["To support transitions when people with PTSD are moving between services: \n• give the person information about the service they are moving to, including the setting and who will provide their care \n• ensure there is effective sharing of information between all services involved\n• involve the person and, where appropriate, their family or carers in meetings to plan the transition\n• address any worries the person has, for example about changes to their routine or anxiety about meeting new people. ","1.2.4",2018]
["Provide additional support:\n• to children and young people with PTSD who are within the care system when they are transitioning between services or settings\n• during admission and discharge to people with PTSD who are admitted to hospital because of other mental or physical health problems.\nFollow NICE’s guidelines on transition from children’s to adults’ services for young people using health or social care services, common mental health problems: identification and pathways to care and transition between inpatient mental health settings and community or care home settings. ","1.2.5",2018]
["During transitions between services for people with PTSD who need ongoing care, the referring team should not discharge the person before a care plan has been agreed in the new service. ","1.2.6",2018]
["1.3  Access to care"]
["Promote access to services for people with PTSD by:\n• reassuring them that PTSD is a treatable condition\n• providing care that places a positive emphasis on the range of interventions offered and their likely benefits\n• ensuring that methods of access to services take into account the needs of specific populations of people with PTSD, including migrants and asylum seekers, people who are homeless or not registered with a GP, looked-after children and young people, and preschool-aged children\n• minimising the need to move between different services or providers\n• providing multiple points of access to the service, including self-referral\n• establishing clear links to other care pathways, including for physical healthcare needs\n• offering flexible modes of delivery, such as text messages, email, telephone or video consultation, or care in non-clinical settings such as schools or offices\n• offering a choice of therapist that takes into account the person’s trauma experience – for example they might prefer a specific gender of therapist\n• using proactive person-centred strategies to promote uptake and sustained engagement\n• assessing the need for further treatment or support for people who have not benefited fully from treatment or have relapsed. \n","1.3.1",2018]
["Do not delay or withhold treatment for PTSD solely because of court proceedings or applications for compensation. Discuss with the person the implications of the timing of any treatment to help them make an informed decision about if and when to proceed, in line with Crown Prosecution Service guidance on pre-trial therapy. ","1.3.2",2018]
["1.4  Principles of care"]
["Supporting people with PTSD"]
["Provide information in both verbal and written format and in line with recommendations in the NICE guidelines on service user experience in adult mental health and patient experience in adult NHS services. ","1.4.1",2018]
["Give information and support to people with PTSD (and their family members or carers as appropriate) covering:\n• common reactions to traumatic events, including the symptoms of PTSD and its course \n• assessment, treatment and support options \n• where their care will take place. ","1.4.2",2018]
["Peer support"]
["Tell people about and help them access peer support groups if they want to and could benefit. Peer support groups should: \n• be facilitated by people with mental health training and supervision \n• be delivered in a way that reduces the risk of exacerbating symptoms\n• provide information and help to access services. ","1.4.3",2018]
["Maintaining safe environments"]
["Be aware of the risk of continued exposure to trauma-inducing environments. Avoid exposing people to triggers that could worsen their symptoms or stop them from engaging with treatment, for example, assessing or treating people in noisy or restricted environments, placing them in a noisy inpatient ward, or restraining them. ","1.4.4",2018]
["Involving and supporting families and carers"]
["Consider providing information and support to family members and carers of people with PTSD. This could cover:\n• the treatment and management of trauma-related psychological and behavioural problems, including the person's possible risk to themselves and others \n• discussing with family members and carers how they are being affected by the person's PTSD \n• how they can support the person to access treatment, including what to do if they do not engage with, or drop out of treatment. ","1.4.5",2018]
["Involve family members and carers, where appropriate, in treatment for people with PTSD as a way to:\n• inform and improve the care of the person with PTSD and\n• identify and meet their own needs as carers.\n","1.4.6",2018]
["Consider providing practical and emotional support and advice to family members and carers, for example directing them to health or social services or peer support groups. ","1.4.7",2018]
["Think about the impact of the traumatic event on other family members because more than one family member might have PTSD. Consider further assessment, support and intervention for any family member suspected to have PTSD. ","1.4.8",2018]
["For members of the same family who have PTSD after experiencing the same traumatic event, think about what aspects of treatment might be usefully provided together (such as psychoeducation), alongside individual treatments. ","1.4.9",2018]
["1.5   Language and culture"]
["Pay particular attention to identifying people with PTSD in working or living environments where there may be cultural challenges to recognising the psychological consequences of trauma (see recommendations on avoiding stigma and promoting social inclusion in the NICE guideline on service user experience in adult mental health). ","1.5.1","2005, amended 2018"]
["Ensure that screening, assessment and interventions for PTSD are culturally and linguistically appropriate. ","1.5.2","2005, amended 2018"]
["Where language or culture differences present challenges to the use of psychological interventions in PTSD, think about using interpreters or offering a choice of therapists. See recommendations on communication in the NICE guideline on patient experience in adult NHS services. ","1.5.3","2005, amended 2018"]
["1.6  Management of post-traumatic stress disorder in children, young people and adults"]
["Planning treatment and supporting engagement"]
["When discussing treatment options with people with PTSD (and their family members or carers as appropriate):\n• give them information about any proposed interventions, including:\n- their aim, content, duration and mode of delivery\n- the likelihood of improvement and recovery \n- what to expect during the intervention, including that symptoms can seem to get worse temporarily\n- that recovery is more likely if they stay engaged with treatment\n• take into account the person’s preferences, any previous treatment, associated functional impairment and coexisting conditions\n• take into account any social or personal factors that may have a role in the development or maintenance of the disorder, such as childhood maltreatment and multiple traumatic experiences. \n","1.6.1",2018]
["Be aware that people with PTSD may be apprehensive, anxious, or ashamed. They may avoid treatment, believe that PTSD is untreatable, or have difficulty developing trust. Engagement strategies could include following up when people miss appointments and allowing flexibility in service attendance policies. ","1.6.2",2018]
["For people with PTSD whose assessment identifies a significant risk of harm to themselves or others, establish a risk management and safety plan (involving family members and carers where appropriate) as part of initial treatment planning. ","1.6.3",2018]
["Active monitoring"]
["Consider active monitoring for people with subthreshold symptoms of PTSD within 1 month of a traumatic event. Arrange follow-up contact to take place within 1 month. ","1.6.4",2018]
["Psychologically-focused debriefing"]
["Do not offer psychologically-focused debriefing for the prevention or treatment of PTSD.","1.6.5",2018]
["Psychological interventions for the prevention and treatment of PTSD in children and young people"]
["Prevention for children and young people"]
["Consider active monitoring or individual trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) within 1 month of a traumatic event for children and young people aged under 18 years with a diagnosis of acute stress disorder or clinically important symptoms of PTSD. ","1.6.6",2018]
["Consider a group trauma-focused CBT intervention for children and young people aged 7 to 17 years if there has been an event within the last month leading to large‑scale shared trauma. ","1.6.7",2018]
["Group trauma-focused CBT interventions for children and young people who have been exposed to large-scale shared trauma within the last month should: \n• be based on a validated manual\n• typically be provided over 5 to 15 sessions\n• be delivered by trained practitioners with ongoing supervision\n• include psychoeducation about reactions to trauma, strategies for managing arousal and flashbacks, and safety planning \n• involve elaboration and processing of the trauma memories \n• involve restructuring trauma-related meanings for the individual \n• provide help to overcome avoidance. ","1.6.8",2018]
["Treatment for children and young people"]
["Consider an individual trauma-focused CBT intervention for children aged 5 to 6 years with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 1 month after a traumatic event. ","1.6.9",2018]
["Consider an individual trauma-focused CBT intervention for children and young people aged 7 to 17 years with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented between 1 and 3 months after a traumatic event. ","1.6.10",2018]
["Offer an individual trauma-focused CBT intervention to children and young people aged 7 to 17 years with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 3 months after a traumatic event. ","1.6.11",2018]
["Individual trauma-focused CBT interventions for children and young people should:\n• be based on a validated manual\n• typically be provided over 6 to 12 sessions, but more if clinically indicated, for example if they have experienced multiple traumas\n• be delivered by trained practitioners with ongoing supervision\n• be adapted to the child or young person’s age and development\n• involve parents or carers as appropriate\n• include psychoeducation about reactions to trauma, strategies for managing arousal and flashbacks, and safety planning \n• involve elaboration and processing of the trauma memories  \n• involve processing trauma-related emotions, including shame, guilt, loss and anger\n• involve restructuring trauma-related meanings for the individual \n• provide help to overcome avoidance\n• prepare them for the end of treatment \n• include planning booster sessions if needed, particularly in relation to significant dates (for example trauma anniversaries).","1.6.12",2018]
["Consider eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) for children and young people aged 7 to 17 years with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 3 months after a traumatic event only if they do not respond to or engage with trauma-focused CBT. ","1.6.13",2018]
["Drug treatments for children and young people"]
["Do not offer drug treatments for the prevention or treatment of PTSD in children and young people aged under 18 years.","1.6.14",2018]
["Psychological interventions for the prevention and treatment of PTSD in adults"]
["Prevention for adults"]
["Offer an individual trauma-focused CBT intervention to adults who have acute stress disorder or clinically important symptoms of PTSD and have been exposed to 1 or more traumatic events within the last month. These interventions include:\n• cognitive processing therapy\n• cognitive therapy for PTSD\n• narrative exposure therapy\n• prolonged exposure therapy. ","1.6.15",2018]
["Treatment for adults"]
["Offer an individual trauma-focused CBT intervention to adults with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 1 month after a traumatic event. These interventions include:\n• cognitive processing therapy\n• cognitive therapy for PTSD\n• narrative exposure therapy\n• prolonged exposure therapy. \n","1.6.16",2018]
["Trauma-focused CBT interventions for adults should:\n• be based on a validated manual\n• typically be provided over 8 to 12 sessions, but more if clinically indicated, for example if they have experienced multiple traumas \n• be delivered by trained practitioners with ongoing supervision\n• include psychoeducation about reactions to trauma, strategies for managing arousal and flashbacks, and safety planning \n• involve elaboration and processing of the trauma memories \n• involve processing trauma-related emotions, including shame, guilt, loss and anger\n• involve restructuring trauma-related meanings for the individual \n• provide help to overcome avoidance\n• have a focus on re-establishing adaptive functioning, for example work and social relationships \n• prepare them for the end of treatment\n• include planning booster sessions if needed, particularly in relation to significant dates (for example trauma anniversaries).","1.6.17"]
["Consider eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) for adults with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented between 1 and 3 months after a non-combat-related trauma if the person has a preference for EMDR. ","1.6.18",2018]
["Offer EMDR to adults with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 3 months after a non-combat-related trauma.","1.6.19",2018]
["EMDR for adults should:\n• be based on a validated manual\n• typically be provided over 8 to 12 sessions, but more if clinically indicated, for example if they have experienced multiple traumas \n• be delivered by trained practitioners with ongoing supervision\n• be delivered in a phased manner and include psychoeducation about reactions to trauma; managing distressing memories and situations; identifying and treating target memories (often visual images); and promoting alternative positive beliefs about the self\n• use repeated in-session bilateral stimulation (normally with eye movements ) for specific target memories until the memories are no longer distressing\n• include the teaching of self-calming techniques and techniques for managing flashbacks, for use within and between sessions. \n","1.6.20",2018]
["Consider supported trauma-focused computerised CBT for adults with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 3 months after a traumatic event if they prefer it to face-to-face trauma-focused CBT or EMDR as long as:\n• they do not have severe PTSD symptoms, in particular dissociative symptoms and\n• they are not at risk of harm to themselves or others. \n","1.6.21",2018]
["Supported trauma-focused computerised CBT interventions for adults should:\n• be based on a validated programme\n• typically be provided over 8 to 10 sessions\n• involve elaboration and processing of the trauma memories; processing trauma-related emotions; restructuring trauma-related meanings for the individual; helping to overcome avoidance; and re-establishing adaptive functioning (for example, work and social relationships)\n• include guidance and support from a trained practitioner to encourage people to complete the intervention, give feedback on homework assignments and review progress and outcomes. ","1.6.22",2018]
["Consider CBT interventions targeted at specific symptoms such as sleep disturbance or anger, for adults with a diagnosis of PTSD or clinically important symptoms of PTSD who have presented more than 3 months after a traumatic event only if the person:\n• is unable or unwilling to engage in a trauma-focused intervention or \n• has residual symptoms after a trauma-focused intervention. ","1.6.23",2018]
["Drug treatments for adults"]
["Do not offer drug treatments, including benzodiazepines, to prevent PTSD in adults.","1.6.24",2018]
["Consider venlafaxine or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), such as sertraline, for adults with a diagnosis of PTSD if the person has a preference for drug treatment. Review this treatment regularly. [2018]\n\nIn December 2018, this was an off-label use for venlafaxine. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines.\n\nIn December 2018, only sertraline and paroxetine had a UK marketing authorisation for this+A80 indication. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines. \n\nFor guidance on safe prescribing of antidepressants (such as venlafaxine or SSRIs) and managing withdrawal, see NICE's guideline on medicines associated with dependence or withdrawal symptoms.","1.6.25",2018]
["Consider antipsychotics such as risperidone in addition to psychological therapies to manage symptoms for adults with a diagnosis of PTSD if:\n•\tthey have disabling symptoms and behaviours, for example severe hyperarousal or psychotic symptoms and\n•\ttheir symptoms have not responded to other drug or psychological treatments.\n\nAntipsychotic treatment should be started and reviewed regularly by a specialist (see recommendations on how to use antipsychotic medication in NICE’s guideline on psychosis and schizophrenia in adults). [2018]\n\nIn December 2018, this was an off-label use of risperidone. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines. ","1.6.26",2018]
["1.7 \tCare for people with PTSD and complex needs "]
["For people presenting with PTSD and depression:\n• usually treat the PTSD first because the depression will often improve with successful PTSD treatment\n• treat the depression first if it is severe enough to make psychological treatment of the PTSD difficult, or there is a risk of the person harming themselves or others. ","1.7.1",2018]
["Do not exclude people with PTSD from treatment based solely on comorbid drug or alcohol misuse. ","1.7.2",2018]
["For people with additional needs, including those with complex PTSD:\n• build in extra time to develop trust with the person, by increasing the duration or the number of therapy sessions according to the person’s needs  \n• take into account the safety and stability of the person’s personal circumstances (for example their housing situation) and how this might impact on engagement with and success of treatment \n• help the person manage any issues that might be a barrier to engaging with trauma-focused therapies, such as substance misuse, dissociation, emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties or negative self-perception \n• work with the person to plan any ongoing support they will need after the end of treatment, for example to manage any residual PTSD symptoms or comorbidities. \n","1.7.3",2018]
["1.8 Disaster planning"]
["Ensure that disaster plans provide a fully coordinated psychosocial response to the disaster. A disaster plan should include:\n• immediate practical help\n• support for the affected communities in caring for those involved in the disaster \n• access to specialist mental health, evidence-based assessment and treatment services\n• clear roles and responsibilities for all professionals involved.","1.8.1",2005]