COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19

What are the most clinically effective interventions (including social prescribing and structured community support) for managing post‑COVID‑19 syndrome?

Does effectiveness vary for different population groups (for example sex, age, socioeconomic group, black, Asian and minority ethnic group communities or people with learning disabilities)?

Do any symptoms of post‑COVID‑19 syndrome predict the need for specialist intervention?

Are there clusters of symptoms that identify response to interventions in post‑COVID‑19 syndrome?

What is the clinical effectiveness of different service models of multimodality/multidisciplinary post‑COVID‑19 syndrome rehabilitation in improving patient‑reported outcomes (such as quality of life)?

What is the clinical effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with post‑COVID‑19 syndrome? Does effectiveness vary for different population groups (for example sex, age, socioeconomic group, black, Asian and minority ethnic group communities or people with learning disabilities)?

Does early exercise rehabilitation assist in improving symptoms of post‑COVID‑19 syndrome?

What is the prevalence and incidence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients who have received single, double, or boosted doses of the approved vaccinations in the UK?

Does this vary across different population groups (for example in black, Asian and minority ethnic group communities)?

What is the clinical effectiveness of D-dimer and other blood tests and clinical features as prognostic markers of developing post‑COVID‑19 syndrome?

What symptoms do children, young people, pregnant women and older people with suspected post‑COVID‑19 syndrome present with?

What is the natural history of post-COVID-19 syndrome?

What pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlie the most common presentations of post-COVID-19 syndrome? For example, generalised fatigue, breathlessness, and “brain fog”?