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["Baseline assessment: Bronchiolitis in "]
["children: diagnosis and management"]
["NG9"]
[]
[]
["Published: June 2015"]
["Updated: August 2021"]

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["Baseline assessment tool for bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management (NICE clinical guideline NG9)"]
["This baseline assessment tool can be used to evaluate whether practice is in line with the recommendations in bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management. It can also help to plan activity to meet the recommendations."]
["The tool can be used by individual services or organisations.  Alternatively, an assessment completed with the involvement of all relevant services or organisations would help to develop a picture of activity in the local area."]
["It should be used in conjunction with bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management (NICE clinical guideline NG9)."]
["In the first instance, consider whether the guideline is relevant and record the conclusion in the box below."]
[]
["Is the guideline relevant?"]
[]
["The Data sheet contains the recommendations from the guideline. Information can be entered about current activity relevant to the recommendation, actions needed to meet the recommendation, deadlines and the names of the responsible leads.  Useful documents can be added as hyperlinks."]
["The table can be adapted to include any other local information that is thought to be useful."]
["If it would be helpful to group the recommendations, for example by deadline, use the Filter function in the Data menu. "]
["Tools and resources to help put the guidance into practice are available on the NICE website. "]
["National Institute for Health and Care Excellence\nLevel 1A, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BT; www.nice.org.uk\n\nCopyright\n© NICE 2021. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.\n"]

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["Baseline assessment tool for bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management (NICE clinical guideline NG9)"]
[]
["Number of relevant or partially relevant recommendations",{"$f":"SUMPRODUCT(COUNTIF(D10:D997,{\"Yes\",\"Partial\"}))","v":0}]
["Number of recommendations met",{"$f":"COUNTIF(F10:F997,\"Yes\")","v":0}]
["Number of recommendations partially met",{"$f":"COUNTIF(F10:F997,\"Partial\")","v":0}]
["Percentage of recommendations met",{"$f":"IF(ISERROR(B4/B3),\"\",B4/B3)","v":""}]
["Percentage of recommendations partially met",{"$f":"IF(ISERROR(B5/B3),\"\",B5/B3)","v":""}]
[]
["NICE recommendation","Guideline reference","Year of recommendation","Is the recommendation relevant?","Current activity/evidence","Recommendation met?","Actions needed to implement recommendation","Is there a risk associated with not implementing this recommendation?","Is there a cost or saving?","Deadline","Lead"]
["1.1 Assessment and diagnosis"]
["When diagnosing bronchiolitis, take into account that it occurs in children under 2 years of age and most commonly in the first year of life, peaking between 3 and 6 months.","1.1.1",2015]
["When diagnosing bronchiolitis, take into account that symptoms usually peak between 3 and 5 days, and that cough resolves in 90% of infants within 3 weeks.","1.1.2",2015]
["Diagnose bronchiolitis if the child has a coryzal prodrome lasting 1 to 3 days, followed by:\n• persistent cough and\n• either tachypnoea or chest recession (or both) and\n• either wheeze or crackles on chest auscultation (or both).","1.1.3",2015]
["When diagnosing bronchiolitis, take into account that the following symptoms are common in children with this disease:\n• fever (in around 30% of cases, usually of less than 39°C)\n• poor feeding (typically after 3 to 5 days of illness).","1.1.4",2015]
["When diagnosing bronchiolitis, take into account that young infants with this disease (in particular those under 6 weeks of age) may present with apnoea without other clinical signs.","1.1.5",2015]
["Consider a diagnosis of pneumonia if the child has:\n• high fever (over 39°C) and/or\n• persistently focal crackles\n\nSee also the NICE guideline on sepsis and risk stratification tool for sepsis in under 5s.","1.1.6",2015]
["Think about a diagnosis of viral-induced wheeze or early-onset asthma rather than bronchiolitis in older infants and young children if they have:\n• persistent wheeze without crackles or\n• recurrent episodic wheeze or \n• a personal or family history of atopy.\nTake into account that these conditions are unusual in children under 1 year of age.","1.1.7",2015]
["Measure oxygen saturation in every child presenting with suspected bronchiolitis, including those presenting to primary care if pulse oximetry is available.","1.1.8",2015]
["Ensure healthcare professionals performing pulse oximetry are appropriately trained in its use specifically in babies and young children.\n\nDecember 2018: Follow the NHS England Patient Safety Alert on the risk of harm from inappropriate placement of pulse oximeter probes.","1.1.9",2015]
["Suspect impending respiratory failure, and take appropriate action as these children may need intensive care (see recommendations 1.2.1 and 1.4.5), if any of the following are present:\n• signs of exhaustion, for example listlessness or decreased respiratory effort\n• recurrent apnoea\n• failure to maintain adequate oxygen saturation despite oxygen supplementation.","1.1.10",2015]
["1.2 When to refer "]
["Immediately refer children with bronchiolitis for emergency hospital care (usually by 999 ambulance) if they have any of the following:\n• apnoea (observed or reported)\n• baby or child looks seriously unwell to a healthcare professional\n• severe respiratory distress, for example grunting, marked chest recession, or a respiratory rate of over 70 breaths/minute\n• central cyanosis\n• persistent oxygen saturation of less than 92% when breathing air.","1.2.1",2015]
["Consider referring children with bronchiolitis to hospital if they have any of the following:\n• a respiratory rate of over 60 breaths/minute [2015]\n• difficulty with breastfeeding or inadequate oral fluid intake (50 to 75% of usual volume, taking account of risk factors [see recommendation 1.3.3] and using clinical judgement) [2015]\n• clinical dehydration. [2015]\n•\tpersistent oxygen saturation of less than 92% when breathing air. [2021]\n\nDecember 2018: Follow the NHS England Patient Safety Alert on the risk of harm from inappropriate placement of pulse oximeter probes.","1.2.2",2015]
["When deciding whether to refer a child with bronchiolitis to secondary care, take account of any known risk factors for more severe bronchiolitis such as:\n• chronic lung disease (including bronchopulmonary dysplasia)\n• haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease\n• age in young infants (under 3 months) \n• premature birth, particularly under 32 weeks\n• neuromuscular disorders\n• immunodeficiency.","1.2.3",2015]
["When deciding whether to refer a child to secondary care, take into account factors that might affect a carer’s ability to look after a child with bronchiolitis, for example:\n• social circumstances\n• the skill and confidence of the carer in looking after a child with bronchiolitis at home\n• confidence in being able to spot red flag symptoms (see recommendation 1.6.1)\n• distance to healthcare in case of deterioration.","1.2.4",2015]
["1.3 When to admit "]
["Measure oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry in every child presenting to secondary care with clinical evidence of bronchiolitis.\n\nDecember 2018: Follow the NHS England Patient Safety Alert on the risk of harm from inappropriate placement of pulse oximeter probes.","1.3.1",2015]
["When assessing a baby or child in a secondary care setting, admit them to hospital if they have any of the following:\n•\tapnoea (observed or reported) \n•\tpersistent oxygen saturation (when breathing air) of:\n-\tless than 90%, for children aged 6 weeks and over\n-\tless than 92%, for babies under 6 weeks or children of any age with underlying health conditions [2021]\n•\tinadequate oral fluid intake (50–75% of usual volume, taking account of risk factors [see recommendation 1.3.3] and using clinical judgement) \n•\tpersisting severe respiratory distress, for example grunting, marked chest recession, or a respiratory rate of over 70 breaths/minute. ","1.3.2",2015]
["When deciding whether to admit a child with bronchiolitis, take account of any known risk factors for more severe bronchiolitis such as:\n• chronic lung disease (including bronchopulmonary dysplasia)\n• haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease\n• age in young infants (under 3 months) \n• premature birth, particularly under 32 weeks\n• neuromuscular disorders\n• immunodeficiency.","1.3.3",2015]
["When deciding whether to admit a child, take into account factors that might affect a carer’s ability to look after a child with bronchiolitis, for example:\n• social circumstances\n• the skill and confidence of the carer in looking after a child with bronchiolitis at home\n• confidence in being able to spot red flag symptoms (see recommendation 1.6.1)\n• distance to healthcare in case of deterioration.","1.3.4",2015]
["Clinically assess the hydration status of children with bronchiolitis.","1.3.5",2015]
["Do not routinely perform blood tests in the assessment of a child with bronchiolitis.","1.3.6",2015]
["Do not routinely perform a chest X-ray in children with bronchiolitis, because changes on X-ray may mimic pneumonia and should not be used to determine the need for antibiotics.","1.3.7",2015]
["Consider performing a chest X-ray if intensive care is being proposed for a child.","1.3.8",2015]
["Provide parents or carers with key safety information (see recommendation 1.6.1) if the child is not admitted.","1.3.9",2015]
["1.4 Management of bronchiolitis"]
["Do not perform chest physiotherapy on children with bronchiolitis who do not have relevant comorbidities (for example spinal muscular atrophy, severe tracheomalacia).","1.4.1",2015]
["Consider requesting a chest physiotherapy assessment in children who have relevant comorbidities (for example spinal muscular atrophy, severe tracheomalacia) when there may be additional difficulty clearing secretions.","1.4.2",2015]
["Do not use any of the following to treat bronchiolitis in children:\n• antibiotics\n• hypertonic saline\n• adrenaline (nebulised)\n• salbutamol\n• montelukast\n• ipratropium bromide\n• systemic or inhaled corticosteroids\n• a combination of systemic corticosteroids and nebulised adrenaline.","1.4.3",2015]
["Give oxygen supplementation to babies and children with bronchiolitis if their oxygen saturation is: \n•\tpersistently less than 90%, for children aged 6 weeks and over \n•\tpersistently less than 92%, for babies under 6 weeks or children of any age with underlying health conditions. \n\nDecember 2018: Follow the NHS England Patient Safety Alert on the risk of harm from inappropriate placement of pulse oximeter probes.","1.4.4",2021]
["Consider continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in children with bronchiolitis who have impending respiratory failure (see recommendation 1.1.10).","1.4.5",2015]
["Do not routinely perform upper airway suctioning in children with bronchiolitis.","1.4.6",2015]
["Consider upper airway suctioning in children who have respiratory distress or feeding difficulties because of upper airway secretions.","1.4.7",2015]
["Perform upper airway suctioning in children with bronchiolitis presenting with apnoea even if there are no obvious upper airway secretions.","1.4.8",2015]
["Do not routinely carry out blood gas testing in children with bronchiolitis.","1.4.9",2015]
["Consider carrying out capillary blood gas testing in children with severe worsening respiratory distress (when supplemental oxygen concentration is greater than 50%) or suspected impending respiratory failure (see recommendation 1.1.10).","1.4.10",2015]
["Give fluids by nasogastric or orogastric tube in children with bronchiolitis if they cannot take enough fluid by mouth.","1.4.11",2015]
["Give intravenous isotonic fluids (see NPSA guidance) to children who:\n• do not tolerate nasogastric or orogastric fluids or\n• have impending respiratory failure.","1.4.12",2015]
["1.5 When to discharge"]
["When deciding on the timing of discharge for babies and children admitted to hospital, make sure that they:\n•\tare clinically stable \n•\tare taking adequate oral fluids \n•\thave maintained an oxygen saturation in air at the following levels for 4 hours, including a period of sleep:\n-\tover 90%, for children aged 6 weeks and over\n-\tover 92%, for babies under 6 weeks or children of any age with underlying health conditions. [2021]\n\nDecember 2018: Follow the NHS England Patient Safety Alert on the risk of harm from inappropriate placement of pulse oximeter probes.","1.5.1",2015]
["When deciding whether to discharge a child, take into account factors that might affect a carer’s ability to look after a child with bronchiolitis, for example:\n• social circumstances\n• the skill and confidence of the carer in looking after a child with bronchiolitis at home\n• confidence in being able to spot red flag symptoms (see recommendation 1.6.1)\n• distance to healthcare in case of deterioration.","1.5.2",2015]
["Provide parents or carers with key safety information (see recommendation 1.6.1) when the child is discharged.","1.5.3",2015]
["1.6 Key safety information for looking after a child at home"]
["Provide key safety information for parents and carers to take away for reference for children who will be looked after at home. This should cover:\n• how to recognise developing 'red flag' symptoms:\n - worsening work of breathing (for example grunting, nasal flaring, marked chest recession)\n - fluid intake is 50–75% of normal or no wet nappy for 12 hours\n - apnoea or cyanosis\n - exhaustion (for example, not responding normally to social cues, wakes only with prolonged stimulation)\n• that people should not smoke in the child’s home because it increases the risk of more severe symptoms in bronchiolitis\n• how to get immediate help from an appropriate professional if any red flag symptoms develop\n• arrangements for follow-up if necessary.","1.6.1",2015]