Children and young people

NICE Pathways

Interactive topic-based flowcharts that allow you to navigate our recommendations on any subject.  Find out more about NICE Pathways.

• Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people

• Attachment difficulties in children and young people

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

• Autism spectrum disorder

• Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s

• Bedwetting in children and young people

• Blood and bone marrow cancers

• Brain tumours and metastases

• Bronchiolitis in children

• Cerebral palsy in under 25s

• Child abuse and neglect

• Constipation

• Contraceptive services for under 25s

• Depression

• Developmental follow-up of children and young people born preterm

• Diabetes in children and young people

• Diarrhoea and vomiting in children

• Diet

• Dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

• Eating disorders

• Eczema

• End of life care for people with life-limiting conditions

• Epilepsy

• Excess winter deaths and illnesses associated with cold homes

• Faltering growth

• Fever in under 5s

• Food allergy in under 19s

• Harmful sexual behaviour among children and young people

• Immunisations for under 19s

• Intravenous fluid therapy in hospital

• Learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges

• Lifestyle weight management services for overweight or obese children and young people

• Looked-after babies, children and young people

• Maternal and child nutrition

• Myeloma

• Physical activity

• Postnatal care

• Preventing sexually transmitted infections and under-18 conceptions

• Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis

• Psychosis and schizophrenia

• Sedation in children and young people

• Sepsis

• Smoking

• Social and emotional wellbeing for children and young people

• Spasticity in children and young people

• Surgical management of otitis media with effusion in children

• Suspected cancer recognition and referral

• Transient loss of consciousness

• Transition from children's to adults' services

• Unintentional injuries among under-15s

• Urinary tract infections

NICE guidelines

Review the evidence across broad health and social care topics. 

• Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition and management (CG158)

  Id:

  CG158

  Published date:

  March 2013

• Atopic eczema in under 12s: diagnosis and management (CG57)

  Id:

  CG57

  Published date:

  December 2007

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management (NG87)

  Id:

  NG87

  Published date:

  March 2018

• Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: recognition, referral and diagnosis (CG128)

  Id:

  CG128

  Published date:

  September 2011

• Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: support and management (CG170)

  Id:

  CG170

  Published date:

  August 2013

• Bedwetting in under 19s (CG111)

  Id:

  CG111

  Published date:

  October 2010

• Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management (NG9)

  Id:

  NG9

  Published date:

  June 2015

• Cerebral palsy in under 25s: assessment and management (NG62)

  Id:

  NG62

  Published date:

  January 2017

• Child abuse and neglect (NG76)

  Id:

  NG76

  Published date:

  October 2017

• Child maltreatment: when to suspect maltreatment in under 18s (CG89)

  Id:

  CG89

  Published date:

  July 2009

• Children’s attachment: attachment in children and young people who are adopted from care, in care or at high risk of going into care (NG26)

  Id:

  NG26

  Published date:

  November 2015

• Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management (CG99)

  Id:

  CG99

  Published date:

  May 2010

• Contraceptive services for under 25s (PH51)

  Id:

  PH51

  Published date:

  March 2014

• Depression in children and young people: identification and management (CG28)

  Id:

  CG28

  Published date:

  September 2005

• Developmental follow-up of children and young people born preterm (NG72)

  Id:

  NG72

  Published date:

  August 2017

• Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management (NG18)

  Id:

  NG18

  Published date:

  August 2015

• Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in under 5s: diagnosis and management (CG84)

  Id:

  CG84

  Published date:

  April 2009

• Eating disorders: recognition and treatment (NG69)

  Id:

  NG69

  Published date:

  May 2017

• End of life care for infants, children and young people with life-limiting conditions: planning and management (NG61)

  Id:

  NG61

  Published date:

  December 2016

• Epilepsies: diagnosis and management (CG137)

  Id:

  CG137

  Published date:

  January 2012

• Excess winter deaths and illness and the health risks associated with cold homes (NG6)

  Id:

  NG6

  Published date:

  March 2015

• Faltering growth: recognition and management of faltering growth in children (NG75)

  Id:

  NG75

  Published date:

  September 2017

• Fever in under 5s: assessment and initial management (CG160)

  Id:

  CG160

  Published date:

  May 2013

• Food allergy in under 19s: assessment and diagnosis (CG116)

  Id:

  CG116

  Published date:

  February 2011

• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children and young people: diagnosis and management (NG1)

  Id:

  NG1

  Published date:

  January 2015

• Harmful sexual behaviour among children and young people (NG55)

  Id:

  NG55

  Published date:

  September 2016

• Immunisations: reducing differences in uptake in under 19s (PH21)

  Id:

  PH21

  Published date:

  September 2009

• Improving outcomes in children and young people with cancer (CSG7)

  Id:

  CSG7

  Published date:

  August 2005

• Intravenous fluid therapy in children and young people in hospital (NG29)

  Id:

  NG29

  Published date:

  December 2015

• Learning disabilities and behaviour that challenges: service design and delivery (NG93)

  Id:

  NG93

  Published date:

  March 2018

• Looked-after children and young people (PH28)

  Id:

  PH28

  Published date:

  October 2010

• Maternal and child nutrition (PH11)

  Id:

  PH11

  Published date:

  March 2008

• Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in under 16s: recognition, diagnosis and management (CG102)

  Id:

  CG102

  Published date:

  June 2010

• Otitis media with effusion in under 12s: surgery (CG60)

  Id:

  CG60

  Published date:

  February 2008

• Physical activity for children and young people (PH17)

  Id:

  PH17

  Published date:

  January 2009

• Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures (CG64)

  Id:

  CG64

  Published date:

  March 2008

• Psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people: recognition and management (CG155)

  Id:

  CG155

  Published date:

  January 2013

• Sedation in under 19s: using sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (CG112)

  Id:

  CG112

  Published date:

  December 2010

• Sexually transmitted infections and under-18 conceptions: prevention (PH3)

  Id:

  PH3

  Published date:

  February 2007

• Smoking prevention in schools (PH23)

  Id:

  PH23

  Published date:

  February 2010

• Smoking: preventing uptake in children and young people (PH14)

  Id:

  PH14

  Published date:

  July 2008

• Social and emotional wellbeing in secondary education (PH20)

  Id:

  PH20

  Published date:

  September 2009

• Social and emotional wellbeing: early years (PH40)

  Id:

  PH40

  Published date:

  October 2012

• Spasticity in under 19s: management (CG145)

  Id:

  CG145

  Published date:

  July 2012

• Suspected cancer: recognition and referral (NG12)

  Id:

  NG12

  Published date:

  June 2015

• Transient loss of consciousness ('blackouts') in over 16s (CG109)

  Id:

  CG109

  Published date:

  August 2010

• Transition from children’s to adults’ services for young people using health or social care services (NG43)

  Id:

  NG43

  Published date:

  February 2016

• Unintentional injuries in the home: interventions for under 15s (PH30)

  Id:

  PH30

  Published date:

  November 2010

• Unintentional injuries on the road: interventions for under 15s (PH31)

  Id:

  PH31

  Published date:

  November 2010

• Unintentional injuries: prevention strategies for under 15s (PH29)

  Id:

  PH29

  Published date:

  November 2010

• Urinary tract infection in under 16s: diagnosis and management (CG54)

  Updated

  Yes

  Id:

  CG54

  Published date:

  August 2007

  Last updated:

  October 2018

• Weight management: lifestyle services for overweight or obese children and young people (PH47)

  Id:

  PH47

  Published date:

  October 2013

Quality standards

Set out priority areas for quality improvement in health and social care. 

• Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people (QS59)

  Id:

  QS59

  Published date:

  April 2014

• Atopic eczema in under 12s (QS44)

  Id:

  QS44

  Published date:

  September 2013

• Bedwetting in children and young people (QS70)

  Id:

  QS70

  Published date:

  September 2014

• Bipolar disorder, psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people (QS102)

  Id:

  QS102

  Published date:

  October 2015

• Bronchiolitis in children (QS122)

  Id:

  QS122

  Published date:

  June 2016

• Cancer services for children and young people (QS55)

  Id:

  QS55

  Published date:

  February 2014

• Cerebral palsy in children and young people (QS162)

  Id:

  QS162

  Published date:

  October 2017

• Children’s attachment (QS133)

  Id:

  QS133

  Published date:

  October 2016

• Constipation in children and young people (QS62)

  Id:

  QS62

  Published date:

  May 2014

• Depression in children and young people (QS48)

  Id:

  QS48

  Published date:

  September 2013

• Developmental follow-up of children and young people born preterm (QS169)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  QS169

  Published date:

  May 2018

• Diabetes in children and young people (QS125)

  Id:

  QS125

  Published date:

  July 2016

• Early years: promoting health and wellbeing in under 5s (QS128)

  Id:

  QS128

  Published date:

  August 2016

• End of life care for infants, children and young people (QS160)

  Id:

  QS160

  Published date:

  September 2017

• Epilepsy in children and young people (QS27)

  Id:

  QS27

  Published date:

  February 2013

• Fever in under 5s (QS64)

  Id:

  QS64

  Published date:

  July 2014

• Food allergy (QS118)

  Id:

  QS118

  Published date:

  March 2016

• Gastro-oesophageal reflux in children and young people (QS112)

  Id:

  QS112

  Published date:

  January 2016

• Haematological cancers (QS150)

  Id:

  QS150

  Published date:

  June 2017

• Headaches in over 12s (QS42)

  Id:

  QS42

  Published date:

  August 2013

• Intravenous fluid therapy in children and young people in hospital (QS131)

  Id:

  QS131

  Published date:

  September 2016

• Looked-after children and young people (QS31)

  Id:

  QS31

  Published date:

  April 2013

• Maternal and child nutrition (QS98)

  Id:

  QS98

  Published date:

  July 2015

• Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal septicaemia in children and young people (QS19)

  Id:

  QS19

  Published date:

  June 2012

• Obesity in children and young people: prevention and lifestyle weight management programmes (QS94)

  Id:

  QS94

  Published date:

  July 2015

• Obesity: clinical assessment and management (QS127)

  Id:

  QS127

  Published date:

  August 2016

• Preventing unintentional injury in under 15s (QS107)

  Id:

  QS107

  Published date:

  January 2016

• Suspected cancer (QS124)

  Id:

  QS124

  Published date:

  June 2016

• Transition from children’s to adults’ services (QS140)

  Id:

  QS140

  Published date:

  December 2016

• Urinary tract infection in children and young people (QS36)

  Id:

  QS36

  Published date:

  July 2013

• Vaccine uptake in under 19s (QS145)

  Id:

  QS145

  Published date:

  March 2017

Technology appraisal guidance

Review clinical and cost effectiveness of new treatments.

• Adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab for treating plaque psoriasis in children and young people (TA455)

  Id:

  TA455

  Published date:

  July 2017

• Aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia in people aged 15 to 17 years (TA213)

  Id:

  TA213

  Published date:

  January 2011

• Aripiprazole for treating moderate to severe manic episodes in adolescents with bipolar I disorder (TA292)

  Id:

  TA292

  Published date:

  July 2013

• Canakinumab for treating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (terminated appraisal) (TA302)

  Id:

  TA302

  Published date:

  November 2013

• Dinutuximab beta for treating neuroblastoma (TA538)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  TA538

  Published date:

  August 2018

• Guidance on the use of inhaler systems (devices) in children under the age of 5 years with chronic asthma (TA10)

  Id:

  TA10

  Published date:

  August 2000

• Human growth hormone (somatropin) for the treatment of growth failure in children (TA188)

  Id:

  TA188

  Published date:

  May 2010

• Immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplant in children and young people (TA482)

  Id:

  TA482

  Published date:

  October 2017

• Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic asthma in children under the age of 12 years (TA131)

  Id:

  TA131

  Published date:

  November 2007

• Inhaler devices for routine treatment of chronic asthma in older children (aged 5–15 years) (TA38)

  Id:

  TA38

  Published date:

  March 2002

• Peginterferon alfa and ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C in children and young people (TA300)

  Id:

  TA300

  Published date:

  November 2013

• Tocilizumab for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (TA238)

  Id:

  TA238

  Published date:

  December 2011

Highly specialised technologies guidance

Review clinical and cost-effectiveness of specialised treatments.

• Asfotase alfa for treating paediatric-onset hypophosphatasia (HST6)

  Id:

  HST6

  Published date:

  August 2017

• Burosumab for treating X-linked hypophosphataemia in children and young people (HST8)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  HST8

  Published date:

  October 2018

Interventional procedures guidance

Assessments of whether procedures are safe enough and work well enough for wider use in the NHS. 

• Balloon dilatation of systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts in children (IPG77)

  Id:

  IPG77

  Published date:

  July 2004

• Balloon dilatation with or without stenting for pulmonary artery or non-valvar right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children (IPG76)

  Id:

  IPG76

  Published date:

  July 2004

• Serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) for bowel lengthening in parenteral nutrition-dependent children (IPG232)

  Id:

  IPG232

  Published date:

  September 2007

• Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy in children (IPG50)

  Id:

  IPG50

  Published date:

  March 2004

Medical technologies guidance

Review new medical devices for adoption in the NHS.

• The MAGEC system for spinal lengthening in children with scoliosis (MTG18)

  Id:

  MTG18

  Published date:

  June 2014

Evidence summaries

Review the best available evidence for selected medicines.

• Acute diarrhoea in children: racecadotril as an adjunct to oral rehydration (ESNM12)

  Id:

  ESNM12

  Published date:

  March 2013

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and young people: clonidine (ESUOM8)

  Id:

  ESUOM8

  Published date:

  April 2013

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and young people: guanfacine prolonged-release (ESNM70)

  Id:

  ESNM70

  Published date:

  March 2016

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and young people: lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (ESNM19)

  Id:

  ESNM19

  Published date:

  May 2013

• Management of vomiting in children and young people with gastroenteritis: ondansetron (ESUOM34)

  Id:

  ESUOM34

  Published date:

  October 2014

• Mitochondrial disorders in children: Co-enzyme Q10 (ES11)

  Id:

  ES11

  Published date:

  March 2017

• Partial seizures in children and young people with epilepsy: zonisamide as adjunctive therapy (ESNM37)

  Id:

  ESNM37

  Published date:

  March 2014

• Promoting tolerance of enteral feeds in children and young people: domperidone (ESUOM18)

  Id:

  ESUOM18

  Published date:

  July 2013

• Severe sialorrhoea (drooling) in children and young people with chronic neurological disorders: oral glycopyrronium bromide (ES5)

  Id:

  ES5

  Published date:

  February 2017

• Sleep disorders in children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: melatonin (ESUOM2)

  Id:

  ESUOM2

  Published date:

  January 2013

Medtech innovation briefings

Review the evidence and likely costs of medical devices and technologies.

• Health app: ChatHealth communication platform in school nursing services (MIB130)

  Id:

  MIB130

  Published date:

  November 2017

• Mollii suit for spasticity (MIB100)

  Id:

  MIB100

  Published date:

  March 2017

• Next-generation sequencing panel for solid tumour cancers in children (MIB133)

  Id:

  MIB133

  Published date:

  January 2018

• Servo-n with Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) for babies and children (MIB163)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  MIB163

  Published date:

  October 2018

• Thora-3Di for assessing asthma in children (MIB122)

  Id:

  MIB122

  Published date:

  October 2017

In development

• BPX-501 with haematopoietic stem cell transplant for preventing graft-versus host disease and treating immunodeficiency and in people aged 1 month to 18 months ID1496

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Cannabidiol for adjuvant treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [ID1308]

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  November 2019

• Child abuse and neglect

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  February 2019

• Children and young people with disabilities & severe complex needs: integrated health & social care support & service guidance

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  February 2021

• Children and young people with severe complex needs: social care support

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  February 2021

• Cochlear implants for children and adults with severe to profound deafness ID1469

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Dasatinib for treating Philadelphia-chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and adults ID1297

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Depression in children and young people: identification and management

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2019

• Epilepsies in children: diagnosis and management

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

• Infant, children and young people's experience of healthcare

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

• KTE-C19 for previously treated B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in people aged 2 to 21 ID1336

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Looked-after children and young people

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

• School based interventions

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  February 2019

• Spineform Hemibridge endoscopic vertebral stapling to reduce curvature in the growing scoliotic spine in children

  Programme:

  Interventional procedures guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Tisagenlecleucel for treating relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in people aged up to 25 years [ID1167]

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  December 2018

Proposed

• Faltering growth

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Fenfluramine for treating Dravet syndrome [ID1109]

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Fingolimod for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis in children and young people [ID1378]

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Infant, children and young people's experience of health care

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• Lumacaftor with ivacaftor for treating cystic fibrosis in children aged 2 to 11 years old homozygous for the F508del mutation [ID1486]

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

• VTS-270 for treating Niemann-Pick type C1 (ID1267)

  Programme:

  Highly specialised technologies guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

New guidance and advice

Guidance and advice added since May 2018

• BPX-501 with haematopoietic stem cell transplant for preventing graft-versus host disease and treating immunodeficiency and in people aged 1 month to 18 months ID1496

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

  Status:

  In development

• Burosumab for treating X-linked hypophosphataemia in children and young people (HST8)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  HST8

  Programme:

  Highly specialised technologies guidance

  Published date:

  October 2018

• Cannabidiol for adjuvant treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [ID1308]

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  November 2019

  Status:

  In development

• Child abuse and neglect

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  February 2019

  Status:

  In development

• Children and young people with disabilities & severe complex needs: integrated health & social care support & service guidance

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  February 2021

  Status:

  In development

• Children and young people with severe complex needs: social care support

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  February 2021

  Status:

  In development

• Cochlear implants for children and adults with severe to profound deafness ID1469

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

  Status:

  In development

• Depression in children and young people: identification and management

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2019

  Status:

  In development

• Developmental follow-up of children and young people born preterm (QS169)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  QS169

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Published date:

  May 2018

• Dinutuximab beta for treating neuroblastoma (TA538)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  TA538

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Published date:

  August 2018

• Epilepsies in children: diagnosis and management

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

  Status:

  In development

• Infant, children and young people's experience of healthcare

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

  Status:

  In development

• KTE-C19 for previously treated B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in people aged 2 to 21 ID1336

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  TBC

  Status:

  In development

• Looked-after children and young people

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  NICE guideline

  Expected publication date:

  April 2021

  Status:

  In development

• School based interventions

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Quality standard

  Expected publication date:

  February 2019

  Status:

  In development

• Servo-n with Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) for babies and children (MIB163)

  New

  Yes

  Id:

  MIB163

  Programme:

  Medtech innovation briefing

  Published date:

  October 2018

• Tisagenlecleucel for treating relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in people aged up to 25 years [ID1167]

  New

  Yes

  Programme:

  Technology appraisal guidance

  Expected publication date:

  December 2018

  Status:

  In development

Updated guidance and advice

Guidance and advice updated since May 2018

• Urinary tract infection in under 16s: diagnosis and management (CG54)

  Updated

  Yes

  Id:

  CG54

  Programme:

  Clinical guideline

  Published date:

  August 2007

  Last updated:

  October 2018

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