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Frequency of monitoring:- What is the long-term cost effectiveness, in terms of patient-relevant outcomes including bestcorrected visual acuity and quality of life, of different review frequencies/strategies for people at risk of progression to late AMD (wet active)?

Recommendation ID NG82/4 Question Frequency of monitoring:- What is the long-term cost effectiveness, in terms of patient-relevant outcomes

Research recommendation Published November 2018

Does a staff education programme (compared with an educational leaflet or usual care) reduce the incidence of delirium and improve the recognition and recording of delirium in people in hospital?

Recommendation ID CG103/5 Question Does a staff education programme (compared with an educational leaflet or usual care) reduce the incidence

Research recommendation Published May 2019

Dedicated transfer service:- Is it clinically and cost effective to provide a dedicated service to transfer patients with major trauma from the emergency department for ongoing care?

Recommendation ID NG40/3 Question Dedicated transfer service:- Is it clinically and cost effective to provide a dedicated service to transfer

Research recommendation Published April 2016

NICE encourages further research into optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide PCI compared against percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with no intravascular imaging or PCI with intravascular ultrasound. Research outcomes should include data on medium- and long-term clinical outcomes, including the need for revascularisation.

Recommendation ID IPG481/1 Question NICE encourages further research into optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide PCI compared against

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Definition of acute kidney injury – system for staging and detection:- Can a simplified definition and staging system, based on Système International (SI) units, be used to predict short- to medium-term outcomes in acute kidney injury?

Recommendation ID CG169/3 Question Definition of acute kidney injury – system for staging and detection:- Can a simplified definition and

Research recommendation Published June 2015

What is the benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation compared with unilateral cochlear implantation in adults with severe to profound deafness?

Recommendation ID TA566/1 Question What is the benefit of bilateral cochlear implantation compared with unilateral cochlear implantation

Research recommendation Published May 2019

In people in hospital who are at high risk of delirium, which medication (atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors), compared with placebo or each other, is more clinically and cost effective in preventing the development of delirium?

Recommendation ID CG103/1 Question In people in hospital who are at high risk of delirium, which medication (atypical antipsychotics, typical

Research recommendation Published May 2019

For people in long-term care, is a multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention more clinically and cost effective than usual care in preventing the development of delirium?

Recommendation ID CG103/3 Question For people in long-term care, is a multicomponent non-pharmacological intervention more clinically and

Research recommendation Published May 2019

In people in hospital who have delirium, which is the most effective medication (atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) compared with placebo or each other for treating delirium?

Recommendation ID CG103/2 Question In people in hospital who have delirium, which is the most effective medication (atypical antipsychotics

Research recommendation Published May 2019

How common is delirium and what are its adverse outcomes in people in long-term care?

Recommendation ID CG103/4 Question How common is delirium and what are its adverse outcomes in people in long-term care? Any explanatory

Research recommendation Published May 2019

Pain management: chronic pancreatitis:- Is the long-term use of opioids more clinically effective and cost effective than non-opioid analgesia (including non-pharmacological analgesia) in people with chronic pain due to chronic pancreatitis?

Recommendation ID NG104/3 Question Pain management: chronic pancreatitis:- Is the long-term use of opioids more clinically effective and

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Training:- How effective and cost effective is gatekeeper training in preventing suicides?

Recommendation ID NG105/4 Question Training:- How effective and cost effective is gatekeeper training in preventing suicides? Any explanatory

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Frequency of review:- What is the most clinical and cost-effective frequency of review for people on peritoneal dialysis, haemodiafiltration, haemodialysis or conservative management?

Recommendation ID NG107/4 Question Frequency of review:- What is the most clinical and cost-effective frequency of review for people on

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Timing of pre-emptive transplant:- What is the most clinical and cost-effective strategy for timing of pre-emptive transplantation?

Recommendation ID NG107/2 Question Timing of pre-emptive transplant:- What is the most clinical and cost-effective strategy for timing of

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Management of type 3c diabetes:- What is the most clinically effective and cost-effective insulin regimen to minimise hypo- and hyperglycaemia for type 3c diabetes secondary to pancreatitis?

Recommendation ID NG104/5 Question Management of type 3c diabetes:- What is the most clinically effective and cost-effective insulin regimen

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Pain management: small duct disease:- What is the most clinically effective and cost-effective intervention for managing small duct disease (in the absence of pancreatic duct obstruction, inflammatory mass or pseudocyst) in people with chronic pancreatitis presenting with pain?

Recommendation ID NG104/4 Question Pain management: small duct disease:- What is the most clinically effective and cost-effective intervention

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Speed of intravenous fluid resuscitation for people with acute pancreatitis:- What is the most clinically effective and cost-effective speed of administration of intravenous fluid for resuscitation in people with acute pancreatitis?

Recommendation ID NG104/2 Question Speed of intravenous fluid resuscitation for people with acute pancreatitis:- What is the most clinically

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Cardiac MRI versus other imaging techniques for diagnosing heart failure:- What is the optimal imaging technique for the diagnosis of heart failure?

Recommendation ID NG106/2 Question Cardiac MRI versus other imaging techniques for diagnosing heart failure:- What is the optimal imaging

Research recommendation Published December 2018

The impact of atrial fibrillation on the natriuretic peptide threshold for diagnosing heart failure:- What is the optimal NT-proBNP threshold for the diagnosis of heart failure in people with atrial fibrillation?

Recommendation ID NG106/3 Question The impact of atrial fibrillation on the natriuretic peptide threshold for diagnosing heart failure:- What

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Targeted interventions to support and improve decision-making capacity for treatment:- What is the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of different targeted interventions (speech and language therapy and psychological and psychosocial interventions) to support and improve decision-making capacity for treatment in specific groups?

Recommendation ID NG108/2 Question Targeted interventions to support and improve decision-making capacity for treatment:- What is the effectiveness

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Training and support for practitioners:- What is the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of different training programmes on the Mental Capacity Act 2005 at improving practice for practitioners involved in supporting decision-making, conducting capacity assessments and making best interests decisions?

Recommendation ID NG108/1 Question Training and support for practitioners:- What is the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of different

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Advocacy and support for decision-making:- What is the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and acceptability of advocacy as a means of supporting people to make decisions?

Recommendation ID NG108/3 Question Advocacy and support for decision-making:- What is the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and acceptability

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Suicide prevention in custodial and detention settings:- What interventions are effective and cost effective in reducing suicide rates in custodial and residential settings?

Recommendation ID NG105/3 Question Suicide prevention in custodial and detention settings:- What interventions are effective and cost effective

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Using mental capacity assessment tools to assess capacity:- What is the accuracy and/or effectiveness, cost effectiveness and acceptability of mental capacity assessment tools that are compliant with the Mental Capacity Act 2005?

Recommendation ID NG108/4 Question Using mental capacity assessment tools to assess capacity:- What is the accuracy and/or effectiveness

Research recommendation Published December 2018

The impact of advanced kidney disease on the natriuretic peptide threshold for diagnosing heart failure:- What are the optimal NT-proBNP thresholds for diagnosing heart failure in people with stage IIIb, IV or V chronic kidney disease?

Recommendation ID NG106/4 Question The impact of advanced kidney disease on the natriuretic peptide threshold for diagnosing heart failure:- What

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Risk tools for predicting non-sudden death in heart failure:- What is the most accurate prognostic risk tool in predicting 1-year mortality from heart failure at specific clinically relevant thresholds (for example, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value at a threshold of 50% risk of mortality at 1 year)?

Recommendation ID NG106/5 Question Risk tools for predicting non-sudden death in heart failure:- What is the most accurate prognostic risk

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Cardiac assessment:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of cardiac assessment before transplantation?

Recommendation ID NG107/1 Question Cardiac assessment:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of cardiac assessment before transplantation

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Coordinating care:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of having keyworkers present in the context of renal replacement therapy (RRT)?

Recommendation ID NG107/5 Question Coordinating care:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of having keyworkers present in the context

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Acute haemodialysis versus acute peritoneal dialysis:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of initial haemodialysis versus initial peritoneal dialysis for people who start dialysis in an unplanned way?

Recommendation ID NG107/3 Question Acute haemodialysis versus acute peritoneal dialysis:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of

Research recommendation Published December 2018

Further research for percutaneous endoscopic catheter laser balloon pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) should define patient-selection criteria and should clearly describe adverse events and long-term control of AF.

Recommendation ID IPG399/1 Question Further research for percutaneous endoscopic catheter laser balloon pulmonary vein isolation for atrial

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of a whole-leg ultrasound scan compared with a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan in the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Recommendation ID CG144/1 Question Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of a whole-leg ultrasound

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Decision-to-delivery interval (category 2 urgency):- A prospective study to determine whether the decision-to-delivery interval has an impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes when there is a category 2 level of urgency for Caesarean Section (CS). Important primary outcomes would be: • fetal wellbeing (such as cord blood gases, Apgar score at 5 minutes, hypoxic encephalopathy, neonatal respiratory problems, unanticipated admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), duration of stay in the NICU) maternal wellbeing (such as haemoglobin levels on day 2, need for blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay controlled for prolonged neonatal stay and general health/wellbeing). Valuable secondary outcomes could include: • fetal trauma at delivery • iatrogenic maternal bladder or bowel injury • postoperative maternal infectious morbidity • establishment of breastfeeding • psychological outcomes for women, such as the development of postnatal depression/posttraumatic stress disorder.

Recommendation ID CG132/2 Question Decision-to-delivery interval (category 2 urgency):- A prospective study to determine whether the...

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Behaviour change methods and resources:- What behaviour change methods and resources (such as phone apps, leaflets and messaging) help dental teams to provide people with support to improve their oral health?

Recommendation ID NG30/3 Question Behaviour change methods and resources:- What behaviour change methods and resources (such as phone apps

Research recommendation Published January 2016

Clinical trials should be conducted comparing ticagrelor with prasugrel in people with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Recommendation ID TA236/1 Question Clinical trials should be conducted comparing ticagrelor with prasugrel in people with acute coronary

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Chronic conditions:- What is the prevalence of disease in the UK prison population?

Recommendation ID NG57/2 Question Chronic conditions:- What is the prevalence of disease in the UK prison population? Any explanatory

Research recommendation Published November 2017

Cognitive behavioural therapy for people with atrial fibrillation:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) compared with usual care for people with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation?

Recommendation ID CG180/1 Question Cognitive behavioural therapy for people with atrial fibrillation:- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube should only be used in the context of research, which should address the efficacy of the procedure in the short and longer term, and also document safety outcomes. Research studies should clearly describe which parts of the Eustachian tube are being treated and report subjective measurements of symptom improvement and objective measurements of Eustachian tube function.

Recommendation ID IPG409/1 Question Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube should only be used in the context of research, which should

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Barriers and facilitators:- What are the barriers and facilitators for young people and adults with coexisting severe mental illness and substance misuse to obtain an optimal service (including optimal time frame for delivering interventions) to meet their needs and enable their recovery?

Recommendation ID NG58/4 Question Barriers and facilitators:- What are the barriers and facilitators for young people and adults with coexisting

Research recommendation Published February 2017

Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation for treating liver metastases is inadequate in quantity and quality. Therefore, this procedure should only be used in the context of research. In particular, studies should report the effect of the procedure on local tumour control and patient survival.

Recommendation ID IPG445/1 Question Current evidence on the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation for treating liver metastases

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Decision-to-delivery interval (category 1 urgency):- What factors influence the decision-to-delivery interval when there is a category 1 level of urgency for Caesarean Section (CS)? Factors to be investigated could include: • staff grade/level of experience • skill mix in the multidisciplinary team • task allocation • methods of communication • time of day • availability of ongoing staff training about emergency procedures and levels of attendance. The research could be conducted using simulation methods and video observation to determine what factors influence the decision-to-delivery interval for category 1 CS. The videos could also be used to train staff.

Recommendation ID CG132/1 Question Decision-to-delivery interval (category 1 urgency):- What factors influence the decision-to-delivery

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Can rapid microbiological diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia reduce the use of xtendedspectrum antibiotic therapy, without adversely affecting outcomes?

Recommendation ID CG191/4 Question Can rapid microbiological diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia reduce the use of xtendedspectrum

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological therapy:- with problem-solving elements for people who self-harm:- For people who have self-harmed, does the provision of a psychological therapy with problemsolving elements, compared with treatment as usual, improve outcomes? What is the differential effect for people with a past history of self-harm, compared with people who self-harm for the first time? This question should be answered using a well-conducted randomised controlled trial. Consider six sessions of psychological therapy with problem-solving elements, delivered immediately after discharge for the index episode of self-harm. The therapist should be trained and experienced in working with people who self-harm. Participants' history of previous self-harm, methods used and psychiatric history should be noted. Primary outcomes should include both hospital-reported and self-reported repetitions of self-harm. Other important outcomes, such as quality of life, depressive symptoms, service users' experience and adverse events (for example, distress or exacerbation of symptoms associated with therapy) should be included. The study design should take into account the complex motives that underpin self-harm. Studies need to be large enough to determine the intervention's costs and cost effectiveness.

Recommendation ID CG133/3 Question Clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological therapy:- with problem-solving elements for people who

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Care and support for people with dementia:- What is the effect of specific interventions to support people with dementia during transition between inpatient mental health settings and community or care home settings?

Recommendation ID NG53/1 Question Care and support for people with dementia:- What is the effect of specific interventions to support people

Research recommendation Published October 2016

Care pathway:- In the UK, what is the optimal care pathway for young people and adults with coexisting severe mental illness and substance misuse?

Recommendation ID NG58/5 Question Care pathway:- In the UK, what is the optimal care pathway for young people and adults with coexisting

Research recommendation Published February 2017

Collection and publication of data on the outcomes of percutaneous cryotherapy for renal cancer in the long term is encouraged. Further research should compare the long-term outcomes of cryotherapy with those of other treatments for renal cancer.

Recommendation ID IPG402/1 Question Collection and publication of data on the outcomes of percutaneous cryotherapy for renal cancer in the

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Communicating information about drug allergy:- In people with suspected or confirmed drug allergies, are patient-focused information strategies more effective than standard NHS practice in increasing people's likelihood of disclosing their drug allergy (or their suspected drug allergy) and therefore reducing the risk of being re-exposed to the affected drug?

Recommendation ID CG183/2 Question Communicating information about drug allergy:- In people with suspected or confirmed drug allergies,

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Causes of unwitnessed falls among older inpatients:- What are the causes of unwitnessed falls among older inpatients?

Recommendation ID CG161/3 Question Causes of unwitnessed falls among older inpatients:- What are the causes of unwitnessed falls among older

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Comparative genomic hybridisation array:- What is the effectiveness and acceptability of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) array compared with current genetic testing in children and young people with identified autism?

Recommendation ID CG128/4 Question Comparative genomic hybridisation array:- What is the effectiveness and acceptability of comparative

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Clinical effectiveness of low-intensity/brief psychosocial interventions for people who self-harm:- For people who self-harm, does the provision of potentially cheap low-intensity/brief psychosocial interventions, compared with treatment as usual, improve outcomes? This question should be answered using a well-conducted randomised controlled trial. Consider using a variety of approaches, including postcards, emergency cards, phone calls, or the use of electronic media in community mental health settings. The outcomes should include service users' engagement and experience, and hospital-reported and self-reported repetitions of self harm. Other important outcomes, such as quality of life, depressive symptoms and adverse events (for example, distress or exacerbation of symptoms associated with contact with services) should be included.

Recommendation ID CG133/4 Question Clinical effectiveness of low-intensity/brief psychosocial interventions for people who self-harm:- For

Research recommendation Published June 2015

Collaborations and partnerships:- What are the components of collaborations and partnerships between people, local communities (including community representatives, such as peers) and organisations that lead to improved health and wellbeing?

Recommendation ID NG44/3 Question Collaborations and partnerships:- What are the components of collaborations and partnerships between people

Research recommendation Published April 2016