Advice

Search strategy and evidence selection

Search strategy and evidence selection

Search strategy for clinical evidence

Embase 1980 to 2014 Week 44, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‑Process & Other Non‑Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present; searched 7 November 2014

For clinical evidence:

1. Epidrum.mp.

2. Loss of resistance.mp.

3. LOR.mp.

4. 1 or 2 or 3

5. Anesthesia, Epidural/ or epidural anaesthesia.mp.

6. spinal epidural.mp.

7. epidural space.mp. or Epidural Space/

8. dural tap.mp.

9. dural puncture.mp.

10. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9

11. 4 and 10

The CRD database was searched using the following keywords:

  • Any field: Epidrum/OR

  • Any field: Loss of resistance/OR

  • Any field: Epidural space

Evidence selection for clinical evidence

  • Total number of publications reviewed: 503

  • Total number of publications considered relevant: 62 full publications

  • Total number of publications selected for inclusion in this briefing: 2 full publication

  • Exclusion criteria: abstracts, case studies, editorials, letters, reviews, animal studies, and non‑English language studies, non‑prospective studies, ex‑vivo studies.

Search strategy for economic evidence

Embase 1980 to 2014 Week 44, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‑Process & Other Non‑Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present; Searched on 3 November 2014

For economic evidence:

1. Epidrum.mp.

2. Loss of resistance.mp.

3. LOR.mp.

4. 1 or 2 or 3

5. Anesthesia, Epidural/ or epidural anaesthesia.mp.

6. spinal epidural.mp.

7. epidural space.mp. or Epidural Space/

8. dural tap.mp.

9. dural puncture.mp.

10. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9

11. cost$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, sh, hw, tn, ot, dm, mf, dv, kw, nm, kf, px, rx, an, ui]

12. economic$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, sh, hw, tn, ot, dm, mf, dv, kw, nm, kf, px, rx, an, ui]

13. 11 or 12

14. 4 and 10 and 13

15. limit 14 to english language

16. limit 15 to human

17. remove duplicates from 16

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Issue 11 of 12, November 2014

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial: Issue 10 of 12, October 2014

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect: Issue 4 of 4, October 2014

Health Technology Assessment Database: Issue 4 of 4, October 2014

NHS Economic Evaluation Database: Issue 4 of 4, October 2014

1. Epidrum

2. Loss of resistance

3. 1 or 2

4. Epidural space

5. 3 and 4

6. cost$

7. economic$

8. 6 or 7

9. 5 and 8

Evidence selection for economic evidence

  • Total abstracts: 19

  • Duplicates: 0

  • Abstracts reviewed: 19

  • Full papers reviewed: 0

Exclusion criteria: case studies, editorials, letters, reviews, conference proceedings/abstracts, animal studies, non‑English language studies, not using the Epidrum.

Studies for review: 0