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    Table 1. Abbreviations

    Abbreviation

    Definition

    BCSP

    Bowel Cancer Screening Programme

    cCR

    Clinical complete response

    CI

    Confidence interval

    CTCAE

    Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events

    CXB

    Contact X‑ray brachytherapy

    DRE

    Digital rectal examination

    DSS

    Disease-specific survival

    EBRT

    External‑beam radiotherapy

    ECOG

    Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

    EORTC

    European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer

    EQ-5D

    EuroQol 5-Dimensional Questionnaire

    EQ-VAS

    EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale

    Gy

    International unit of radiation dose (1 Gy = 1 joule/kilogram)

    HADS

    Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

    IPTW

    Inverse probability of treatment weighting

    MRI

    Magnetic resonance imaging

    nCR

    Near-complete response

    OS

    Overall survival

    PFS

    Progression-free survival

    PROM

    Patient-reported outcome measure

    QLQ-C30

    Quality of life questionnaire Core-30

    QLQ-CR29

    Quality of life questionnaire Colorectal cancer module-29

    QoL

    Quality of life

    RCT

    Randomised controlled trial

    TME

    Total mesorectal excision

    TNM

    Tumour node metastasis