Interventional procedure overview of transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation for tricuspid regurgitation
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Appendix A: Methods and literature search strategy
Methods and literature search strategy
NICE has identified studies and reviews relevant to transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement for tricuspid regurgitation from the medical literature.
Search strategy design and peer review
This search report is informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension (PRISMA-S).
A NICE information specialist ran the literature searches on 25/04/2025. See the search strategy history for the full search strategy for each database. Relevant published studies identified during consultation or resolution that are published after this date may also be considered for inclusion.
The principal search strategy was developed in MEDLINE ALL (Ovid interface). It was adapted for use in each of the databases listed in table 4a, taking into account the database's size, search functionality and subject coverage. The MEDLINE ALL strategy was quality assured by a NICE senior information specialist. All translated search strategies were peer reviewed to ensure their accuracy. The quality assurance and peer review procedures were adapted from the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) 2015 evidence-based checklist.
Review management
The search results were managed in EPPI‑Reviewer version 5 (EPPI‑R5). Duplicates were removed in EPPI‑R5 using a 2‑step process. First, automated deduplication was done using a high-value algorithm. Second, manual deduplication was used to assess low-probability matches. All decisions about inclusion, exclusion and deduplication were recorded and stored.
Limits and restrictions
The search was not limited by date or language.
The CENTRAL database search removed trial registry records and conference material. The Embase search excluded conference material.
The limit to remove animal studies in the searches is standard NICE practice, which has been adapted from Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C (1994) Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. BMJ 309(6964): 1286.
Main search
MEDLINE ALL search strategy
1 Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/ 7866
2 (tricuspid adj4 (Insufficienc* or Regurgitat* or incompetence* or degenerat* or disease*)).tw. 11143
3 (TR or FTR).tw. 29627
4 or/1-3 41119
5 Tricuspid Valve/ 10443
6 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*).tw. 1604112
7 5 and 6 2940
8 ((Transcatheter or Transapical or transventricular) adj4 (tricuspid or "heart valve") adj4 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*)).tw. 598
9 TTVR.tw. 108
10 7 or 8 or 9 3415
11 4 and 10 1493
12 animals/ not humans/ 5297610
13 11 not 12 1455
14 EVOQUE.tw. 121
15 Intrepid valve.tw. 3
16 LuX-Valve.tw. 28
17 Cardiovalve.tw. 11
18 Trisol.tw. 8
19 MonarQ.tw. 2
20 (NaviGate adj4 valve).tw. 7
21 or/14-20 176
22 13 or 21 1581
Embase search strategy
1 tricuspid valve regurgitation/ 32134
2 (tricuspid adj4 (Insufficienc* or Regurgitat* or incompetence* or degenerat* or disease*)).tw. 19748
3 (TR or FTR).tw. 45698
4 or/1-3 76513
5 tricuspid valve replacement/ 2671
6 ((Transcatheter or Transapical or transventricular) adj4 (tricuspid or "heart valve") adj4 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*)).tw. 889
7 TTVR.tw. 202
8 or/5-7 3378
9 4 and 8 1675
10 Nonhuman/ not Human/ 5678162
11 9 not 10 1654
12 EVOQUE.tw,dv,dm. 215
13 Intrepid valve.tw,dv,dm. 12
14 LuX-Valve.tw,dv,dm. 68
15 Cardiovalve.tw,dv,dm. 68
16 Trisol.tw,dv,dm. 38
17 MonarQ.tw,dv,dm. 3
18 (NaviGate adj4 valve).tw,dv,dm. 14
19 or/12-18 333
20 11 or 19 1855
21 (conference abstract* or conference review or conference paper or conference proceeding).db,pt,su. 6243752
22 20 not 21 1394
Cochrane Library (CDSR and CENTRAL) search strategy
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency] this term only 144
#2 (tricuspid NEAR/4 (Insufficienc* or Regurgitat* or incompetence* or degenerat* or disease*)) 593
#3 (TR or FTR) 12191
#4 {OR #1-#3} 12636
#5 MeSH descriptor: [Tricuspid Valve] this term only 126
#6 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*) 153619
#7 #5 AND #6 50
#8 ((Transcatheter or Transapical or transventricular) NEAR/4 (tricuspid or "heart valve") NEAR/4 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*)) 58
#9 ttvr 18
#10 {OR #7-#9} 116
#11 #4 and #10 51
#12 EVOQUE 7
#13 Intrepid valve 3
#14 LuX-Valve 0
#15 Cardiovalve 0
#16 Trisol 1
#17 MonarQ 0
#18 (NaviGate NEAR/4 valve) 1
#19 {OR #11-#18} 57
#20 "conference":pt or (clinicaltrials or trialsearch):so 815946
#21 #19 NOT #20 in Cochrane Reviews, Cochrane Protocols 0
#22 #19 NOT #20 in Trials 46
INAHTA HTA Database search strategy
1 (Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency)[mh] 11
2 (tricuspid AND (Insufficienc* or Regurgitat* or incompetence* or degenerat* or disease*)) 13
3 (TR or FTR) 0
4 #3 OR #2 OR #1 13
5 (Tricuspid Valve)[mh] 12
6 (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*) 2083
7 #6 AND #5 8
8 ((Transcatheter or Transapical or transventricular) AND (tricuspid or "heart valve") AND (Replac* or transplant* or implant* or prosthes*)) 6
9 TTVR 0
10 #9 OR #8 OR #7 9
11 #10 AND #4 8
12 EVOQUE 1
13 Intrepid valve 0
14 LuX-Valve 1
15 Cardiovalve 0
16 Trisol 0
17 MonarQ 0
18 (NaviGate AND valve) 0
19 #18 OR #17 OR #16 OR #15 OR #14 OR #13 OR #12 OR #11 OR #10 10
Inclusion criteria
The following inclusion criteria were applied to the abstracts identified by the literature search.
Publication type: clinical studies were included with emphasis on identifying good quality studies. Abstracts were excluded if they did not report clinical outcomes. Reviews, editorials, and laboratory or animal studies, were also excluded and so were conference abstracts, because of the difficulty of appraising study methodology, unless they reported specific adverse events not available in the published literature.
People with TR.
Intervention or test: TTVR.
Outcome: articles were retrieved if the abstract contained information relevant to the safety, efficacy, or both.
If selection criteria could not be determined from the abstracts the full paper was retrieved.
Potentially relevant studies not included in the main evidence summary are listed in Appendix B: Other relevant studies.
Find out more about how NICE selects the evidence for the committee
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