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    10 References

    Biz AN, Hernández Alava M, Wailoo A (2026) Switching from EQ-5D-3L to EQ-5D-5L in England: the impact in NICE technology appraisals. Value in Health (forthcoming)

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    Devlin N, Shah K, Feng Y et al. (2018a) Valuing health-related quality of life: an EQ-5D-5L value set for England. Health Economics 27(1): 7–22

    Devlin N, Brazier J, Pickard AS et al. (2018b) 3L, 5L, What the L? A NICE conundrum. Pharmacoeconomics 36: 637–40

    Dolan P (1997) Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Medical Care 35(11): 1095–108

    EQ-5D-5L valuation study governance arrangements [online, PDF only; accessed 2 April 2026]

    Hernández Alava M, Wailoo A, Pudney S (2017) Methods for mapping between the EQ-5D-5L and the 3L for technology appraisal. NICE DSU report [online, PDF only; accessed 2 April 2026]

    Hernández Alava M, Pudney S, Wailoo A (2020) The EQ-5D-5L value set for England: findings of a quality assurance program. Value in Health 23(5): 642–8

    Hernández Alava M, Pudney S, Wailoo A (2023) Estimating the relationship between EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L: results from a UK population study. Pharmacoeconomics 41(2): 199–207

    Kanters TA, van Hezik-Wester V, Boateng A et al. (2024) Including carer health-related quality of life in NICE health technology assessments in the United Kingdom. Health Economics, Policy and Law 8: 1–13 [published online ahead of print] doi: 10.1017/S1744133124000124

    Liao W, Yang Z, Luo N et al. (2026) Is there a shelf life for EQ‑5D value sets? Evidence of evolving societal preferences from Asia. Value in Health (forthcoming)

    Norman R, Roudijk B, Jonker M et al. (2025) A taxonomy for assessing whether HRQoL value sets are obsolete. Pharmacoeconomics 43: 473–81

    Oppe M, Devlin NJ, van Hout B et al. (2014) A program of methodological research to arrive at the new international EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol. Value in Health 17(4): 445–53

    Ramos-Goñi JM, Oppe M, Slaap B et al. (2017) Quality control process for EQ-5D-5L valuation studies. Value in Health 20(3): 466–73

    Roudijk B, Jonker M (2026) Revisiting health state preferences after 20 years: A new EQ‑5D‑3L value set for the Netherlands. European Journal of Health Economics (forthcoming)

    Rowen D, Brazier J, Wong R et al. (2020) Measuring and valuing health-related quality of life when sufficient EQ-5D data is not available. NICE DSU Report [Online, PDF only; accessed 2 April 2026]

    Rowen D, Mukuria C, McDool E (2022) A systematic review of the methodologies and modelling approaches used to generate international EQ-5D-5L value sets. Pharmacoeconomics 40(9): 863–82

    Rowen D, Mukuria C, Bray N et al. (2023) UK valuation of EQ-5D-5L, a generic measure of health-related quality of life: a study protocol. Value in Health 26(11): 1625–35

    Rowen D, MukuriaC, BrayN et al. (2026) A UK value set for the EQ-5D-5L. Value in Health (forthcoming)

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    Wailoo A (2024) NICE DSU Technical Support Document 23: A guide to calculating severity shortfall for NICE evaluations (updated March 2026) [online; accessed 2 April 2026]

    Wailoo A, Biz AN, Hernández Alava M (2026) What is the impact of EQ-5D-5L vs 3L on NICE severity weights? NICE DSU report [online; accessed 2 April 2026]