Interventional procedure overview of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve for ADHD

Speech

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of difficulty finding words and 2 (8%) cases of slurred speech (McGough, 2015).

Diminished mental acuity/sharpness

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 3 (13%) cases of diminished mental acuity/sharpness (McGough, 2015).

Poor memory

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 11 (46%) cases of poor memory. The authors note that this is a symptom of ADHD (McGough, 2015).

Trouble concentrating

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 22 (92%) cases of trouble concentrating and 17 (71%) cases of poor concentration. The authors note that these are symptoms of ADHD (McGough, 2015).

Slurred speech

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of slurred speech (McGough, 2015).

Trouble sleeping

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 6 (19%) cases of trouble sleeping in the active arm and 5 (17%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 7 (29%) cases of trouble sleeping (McGough, 2015).

Nightmares

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 2 (6%) cases of nightmares in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 5 (21%) cases of nightmares (McGough, 2015).

Apathy

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 2 (6%) cases of apathy in the active arm and 2 (7%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 3 (13%) cases of apathy (McGough, 2015).

Feeling drowsy

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 7 (22%) cases of drowsiness in the active arm and 4 (13%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 5 (21%) cases of drowsiness (McGough, 2015).

Feeling nervous

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 14 (58%) cases of feeling nervous (McGough, 2015).

Feeling strange or unreal

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of feeling strange or unreal (McGough, 2015).

Lightheaded

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of lightheadedness in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Fatigue

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 4 (13%) cases of fatigue in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 5 (21%) cases of weakness or fatigue (McGough, 2015).

Tingling

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of tingling in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Headache

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 4 (13%) cases of headache in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 3 (13%) cases of headache (McGough, 2015).

Hyperactive

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 13 (41%) cases of hyperactivity in the active arm and 19 (63%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 17 (71%) cases of trouble sitting still. The authors note that this is a symptom of ADHD (McGough, 2015).

Irritability

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 10 (42%) cases of irritability (McGough, 2015).

Stuffy nose

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 5 (16%) cases of stuffy nose in the active arm and 6 (20%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 6 (24%) cases of stuffy nose (McGough, 2015).

Drooling

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of drooling (McGough, 2015).

Muscle cramps

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of muscle cramps in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Muscle twitch

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of muscle twitch (McGough, 2015).

Rapid heartbeat

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of rapid heartbeat in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Out of breath

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of breathlessness in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Excess sweating

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of frequent sweating in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of excess sweating (McGough, 2015).

Itching

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of itching in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Tooth pain

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of tooth pain in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Clenching teeth

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 4 (13%) cases of clenching teeth in the active arm and 2 (7%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Skin whitening/discolouration

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of skin whitening/discolouration in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm. This was attributed to removal of the electrodes (McGough, 2019).

Skin rash

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 3 (9%) cases of skin rash in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Frequent urination

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 2 (6%) cases of frequent urination in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Bronchitis

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of bronchitis in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Upper respiratory infection

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 3 (9%) cases of upper respiratory infections in the active arm and 3 (10%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Rhinitis

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 2 (6%) cases of rhinitis in the active arm and 2 (6%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Vomiting

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of vomiting in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Nausea

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 2 (6%) cases of nausea in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Stomach ache

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 4 (12%) cases of stomach ache in the active arm and 2 (6%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of stomach discomfort (McGough, 2015).

Weight gain

In the open-label trial of 24 children, there were 2 (8%) cases of weight gain (McGough, 2015).

Constipation

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 3 (9%) cases of constipation in the active arm and 2 (7%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Decreased appetite

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of decreased appetite in the active arm and 1 (3%) case in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Poor appetite

In the RCT of 62 children, there was 1 (3%) case of poor appetite in the active arm and 0 cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).

Increased appetite

In the RCT of 62 children, there were 6 (19%) cases of increased appetite in the active arm and 2 (7%) cases in the sham arm (McGough, 2019).