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    The content on this page is not current guidance and is only for the purposes of the consultation process.

    Outcome measures

    The main outcomes included survival and neurological outcomes. The measures used are detailed in the following paragraphs.

    A range of validated instruments are used to evaluate neurological outcome including:

    • Cerebral performance categories (CPC): this is a 5-category measure used to assess neurological outcome. Categories 1 (good cerebral performance: conscious, alert, capable of normal life) and 2 (moderate cerebral disability: conscious, alert, sufficient cerebral function for activities of daily life) are considered to indicate a good neurological outcome. Categories 3 (severe cerebral disability), 4 (coma/vegetative state) and 5 (certified brain death) are considered to be a poor neurological outcome.

    • Pittsburgh cerebral performance category: this is a 4-level illness severity score of 1 (good recovery), 2 (moderate disability), 3 (severe disability) or 4 (coma).

    • The modified Rankin Scale: this is used to measure the degree of disability of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes or neurologic disability. The scale ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 for no symptoms, 3 for moderate disability (requires some help but able to walk without assistance), and 6 for dead.