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    Interventional procedure overview of botulinum toxin type A injection into the urethral sphincter for idiopathic chronic non-obstructive urinary retention

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    Outcome measures

    IPSS

    The IPSS is a tool for classifying the severity of LUTS and assessing the impact of LUTS on QOL.

    The IPSS questionnaire is intended to be completed by the patient. It contains 7 questions relating to symptom severity (each question is scored from 0 [best] to 5 [worst]) and 1 question relating to QOL due to urinary symptoms (scored from 0 [best] to 6 [worst]).

    The IPSS severity score is interpreted as:

    • Score 20 to 35: severely symptomatic.

    • Score 8 to 19: moderately symptomatic.

    • Score 0 to 7: mildly symptomatic.

    Limitations of the IPSS questionnaire include lack of assessing incontinence, post-micturition symptoms and bother caused by each separate symptom.

    Printable versions of the IPSS questionnaire are widely available online, for example, from the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS trust website.

    PPBC

    PPBC is a single item tool used to measure to assess the patient's subjective perception of urinary (bladder) problems. It is scored on a 6 point rating scale ranging from 1 (no problems) to 6 (many severe problems).