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    Interventional procedure overview of botulinum toxin type A injection into the urethral sphincter for idiopathic chronic non-obstructive urinary retention

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    References

    1. Jiang Y.-H, Wang C-C, Kuo H-C. (2016) OnabotulinumtoxinA urethral sphincter injection as treatment for non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction – A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sci. Rep. 6, 38905; doi: 10.1038/srep38905.

    2. Kuo H-K (2007) Recovery of detrusor function after urethral botulinum A toxin injection in patients with idiopathic low detrusor contractility and voiding dysfunction. Urology, 69: 57-62.

    3. Kuo H-K (2007) Comparison of the therapeutic effects of urethral injections of 50 and 100 units of botulinum A toxin for voiding dysfunction. Tzu Chi Medical Journal. 19, 3, 134-138.

    4. Jiang Y-H, Lee C-L, Chen S-F et al. (2021) Therapeutic effects of urethral sphincter botulinum toxin A injection on dysfunctional voiding with different videourodynamic characteristics in non-neurogenic women. Toxins, 13, 362, 1-10.

    5. Panicker JN, Seth JH, Khan S et al. (2016) Open-label study evaluating outpatient urethral sphincter injections of onabotulinumtoxinA to treat women with urinary retention due to a primary disorder of sphincter relaxation (Fowler's syndrome). BJU Int. 117, 809–813.

    6. Ou Y-C, Huang K-H, Jan H-C et al. (2021) Therapeutic efficacy of urethral sphincteric botulinum toxin injections for female sphincter dysfunctions and a search for predictive factors. Toxins, 13, 398, 1-10.